In the context of GIS, what is geocoding?

Geocoding is defined as the process of converting addresses into geographic coordinates, such as latitude and longitude. This transformation is essential in GIS, as it enables the visualization and analysis of data within a spatial context. For instance, when provided with a list of addresses, geocoding allows GIS software to pinpoint those locations on a map, which is foundational for various applications, including urban planning, emergency response, and location-based services.

This process involves matching each address to a specific point in a coordinate system, thereby enabling a range of analyses based on geographic locations. The ability to associate an address with geographic coordinates is what facilitates the integration of various data sets within a spatial framework, making it a vital function in GIS.