What does the term "schema evolution" refer to in database management?

The term "schema evolution" specifically refers to the process of changing the structure of a database schema to adapt to new requirements. As applications and their needs grow or change over time, the database schema may need to evolve to accommodate new data types, relationships, or constraints. This could involve adding new tables, modifying existing fields, or even removing outdated information structures.

Understanding schema evolution is crucial for maintaining the integrity, efficiency, and relevance of a database system. As organizations expand or modify their operations, they require databases that can reflect those changes without losing existing data or functionality. This adaptability is essential in today's dynamic environments, where user requirements frequently shift.

Other options mentioned relate to different aspects of database management but do not capture the specific essence of schema evolution. For example, analyzing user requirements focuses on understanding needs before any structural changes are made, while data encryption pertains to securing data and backing up databases is about preserving data integrity over time, none of which imply changes in the schema itself. The essence of schema evolution is its proactive adaptability to meet evolving user and system demands.