What is a common use of GIS in urban planning?

The use of GIS in urban planning primarily revolves around its capability to analyze spatial data, which is crucial for understanding and managing the complex relationships between various land uses, zoning regulations, and demographic patterns. By evaluating spatial patterns, urban planners can make informed decisions regarding where to allocate resources, how to arrange infrastructure, and what areas may require zoning changes or land use adjustments.

The analysis facilitated by GIS allows planners to visualize data through maps and models, enabling them to identify trends and propose developments that are supported by empirical evidence. It assists in assessing the impacts of potential developments on the surrounding environment and community, ensuring that urban growth is sustainable and beneficial for residents.

In contrast, while other options entail important aspects of urban management, they do not leverage the spatial analytical strengths of GIS to the same extent. Storing records of community discussions and managing citizen complaints pertain more to administrative tasks, while calculating utility bills involves financial records and does not capitalize on GIS's spatial analysis capabilities. Thus, the focus on zoning and land use planning underscores the integral role GIS plays in shaping urban environments effectively.