Why is it important to reduce redundancy in database design?

Reducing redundancy in database design is crucial primarily because it enhances both query performance and data integrity. When data is stored in a redundant manner, multiple copies of the same information can exist across different tables or records. This duplication can lead to inconsistencies when data is updated, as some copies may be altered while others are not. Such discrepancies compromise the integrity of the data and can result in unreliable query outcomes.

On the performance side, when redundancy is minimized, query operations become more efficient. Databases can process requests faster as there are fewer records to sift through and less data to manage during updates. This streamlined process contributes to optimizing the overall performance of the database system.

In contrast to improving performance and data integrity, increasing the size of the database (which redundancy would do) or allowing for more data types does not contribute positively to the effectiveness of database management. Therefore, the focus on reducing redundancy addresses the fundamental needs of efficiency, reliability, and integrity in a well-designed database.